| Written by Dr.Md.Redwanul Huq (Masum) |
| Wednesday, 10 August 2011 06:12 |
The most appropriate antibiotic should be chosen on the basis of the identification of the microorganism(s) causing the infection. Here a tableis given for the practicing doctors, which contains the choice of antibiotics (according to chronology of efficacy) for specific microorganisms.
Table : The choice of antibiotics (according to chronology of efficacy) for specific microorganisms:
| MICROORGANISMS (Bacteria) | ANTIBIOTICS (according to chronology of efficacy) |
| Acinetobacter spp | Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Imipenem-Cilastatin, Ticarcillin-Clavulonate, Piperacillin-Tazobactam, Ceftazidime, Meropenem, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Cefotaxime, Ceftizoxime, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime, Amikacin, Moxifloxacin. |
| Bacteroides fragilis | Metronidazole, Ampicillin-Sulbactam, Piperacillin-Tazobactam, Ertapenem, Imipenem-Cilastatin, Meropenem, Tigecycline, Amoxicillin-Clavulonate, Ticarcillin-Clavulonate, Cefotetan, Cefoxitin, Clindamycin, : Moxifloxacin, Chloramphenicol, Doxycycline. |
| Bordetella pertussis | Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Vancomycin. |
| Brucella spp | Cefotetan, Cefoxitin, Cefuroxime, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Doxycyline, Vancomycin, Cefazolin, Cefprozil, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin. |
| Camphylobacter jejuni | Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Imipenem-Cilastatin, Meropenem, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, Amoxicillin-Clavulonate, Ticarcillin-Clavulonate, Clindamycin, Doxycycline. |
| Chlamydia pneumonia | Doxycycline, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin. |
| Chlamydia trachomatis | Azithromycin, Doxycycline, Erythromycin, Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Dirithromycin, Rifampin, Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin, Nitrofurantoin. |
| Citrobacter spp | Imipenem, Meropenem, Ertapenem, Tobramycin, Gentamicin, Cefepime, Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Aztreonam, Ceftazidime, Amikacin. |
| Clostridium difficile | Antibiotic for Clostridium difficile: Metronidazole, Vancomycin (oral). |
| Clostridium perfringens | Antibiotic for Clostridium perfringens: Penicillin G with or without Clindamycin. |
| Clostridium tetani | Metronidazole, Penicillin G, Azithromycin, Doxycyline, Clindamycin. |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | Erythromycin, Penicillin G, Clindamycin, Vancomycin. |
| Enterobacter spp | Imipenem, Meropenem, Ertapenem, (Piperacillin-tazobactam + Gentamicin), Cefepime. |
| Enterococcus faecalis | Antibiotic for Enterococcus faecalis: Penicillin, Ampicillin, Vancomycin, Nitrofurantoin(if UTI), Gentamicin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Linezolid, Daptomycin, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Imipenem, Meropenem. |
| Enterococcus faecalis [Vancomycin-resistant] | Linezolid, Nitrofurantoin (if UTI). |
| Escherichia coli | Antibiotic for Escherichia coli:Cefazolin, Cephalexin, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Aztrenonam, Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ampicillin, Trimethoprim+Sulfamethoxazole. |
| Gardnerella vaginalis | Metronidazole, Clindamycin. |
| Hemophilus infuenzae | Cefotaxime, Ceftizoxime, Ceftriaxone, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Trimethoprim+Sulfamethoxazole, Oral 3rd generation Cephalosporins, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Impenem, Meropenem, Ertapenem, Cefotetan, Cefoxitin, Oral 2nd generation Cephalosporins, Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin. |
| Helicobacter pylori | Antibiotic for Helicobacter pylori:a)1. A Strip containing-
1 Cap Lansoprazole 30mg,1 Tab. Clarithromycin 500mg and 2 Cap Amoxycillin 500 mg; -1 strip -bd- (½ HBM) for 7 – 14 Days Then, Cap.Omeprazole (20/40 mg) 1+0+1 (½ HBM) for 1 / 2 Months Or,b)1. Cap. Amoxycillin 500 mg 2+0+2 (AM) for 14 Days 2.Tab.Claricin (500 mg) 1+0+1 (AM) for 14Days 3. Cap. Omeprazole (20/40 mg) 1+0+1 (½ HBM) for 1 / 2 Months Or,c)1. Tab. Azithromycin 500 mg 0+0+1 (½ HBM) for 7 Days 2.Tab.Levofloxacin (500 mg) 0+0+1 (± M) for 7 Days 3. Tab. Esomeprazole (20/40 mg) 1+0+1 (½ HBM) for 1 / 2 Months Or,d)1.Cap. Amoxycillin 500 mg 2+0+2 (AM) for 14 Days 2.Tab.Levofloxacin (500 mg) 0+0+1 (± M) for 7 Days 3. Cap. Omeprazole (20/40 mg)/ Tab. Esomeprazole (20/40 mg) 1+0+1 (½ HBM) for 1 / 2 Months Or,e)1.Cap. Amoxycillin 500 mg 2+0+2 (AM) for 14 Days 2.Tab.Metronidazole (400 / 500 mg) 1+0+1 (AM) for 14 Days 3. Cap. Omeprazole (20/40 mg)/ Tab. Esomeprazole (20/40 mg) 1+0+1 (½ HBM) for 1 / 2 Months
|
| Hemophilus ducreyi | Ceftriaxone, Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin. |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | Cefotaxime, Ceftizoxime, Ceftriaxone, Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Augmentin, Unasyn, Timentin, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Imipenem, Meropenem , Cefazolin. |
| Legionella pneumophilia | Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Doxycycline, Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole. |
| Listeria monocytogenes | Ampicillin,Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Erythromycin. |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Doxycycline. |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Ceftriaxone, Cefixime, Spectinomycin, Cefotaxime, Cefpodoxime. |
| Neisseria meningitidis | Pencillin G, Ampicillin , Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Chloramphenicol. |
| Peptostreptococcus spp | Penicillin G or V, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Cefazolin, Cephalexin, Cefuroxime, Doxycycline. |
| Proteus mirabilis | Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Cefotaxime, Ceftizoxime, Ceftriaxone, Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Piperacillin, Augmentin, Unasyn, Piperacillin-tazobactam, 1st and 2nd generation Cephalosporins, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole. |
| Proteus vulgaris | Cefotaxime, Ceftizoxime, Ceftriaxone, Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Aztreonam, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole, Imipenem, Meropenem. |
| Providencia stuartii | Cefotaxime, Ceftizoxime, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Aztreonam, Cefepime, Amikacin, Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Imipenem, Meropenem. |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Antibiotic for Pseudomonas aeruginosa:Piperacillin-tazobactam, Imipenem, Meropenem, Ceftazidime or Piperacillin with Gentamicin, Cefepime, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Ciprofloxacin, Aztreonam, Levofloxacin, Amphotericin B. |
| Salmonella spp | Ceftizoxime, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole, Imipenem, Meropenem, Chloramphenicol. |
| Serratia spp | Ceftizoxime, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime, Gentamicin, Timentin, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Aztreonam, Ertapenem, Imipenem, Meropenem, Ceftazidime, Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole. |
| Shigella spp | Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ceftizoxime, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime, Impenem, Meropenem, Ampicillin, Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole, Doxycycline. |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Antibiotic for Staphylococcus aureus:Flucloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Cefuroxime, Cefazolin, Cephalexin, Vancomycin, Timentin, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole, Ertapenem, Meropenem, Imipenem. |
| Staphylococcus aureus [Methicillin-resistant] – MRSA | Vancomycin, Linezolid, Daptomycin, Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole. |
| Streptococcus agalactiae [Group B] | Pencillin, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, 1st-3rd generation Cephalosporins, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, Quinolones. |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis | Vancomycin with or without Rifampin, Methicillin-sensitive: Nafcillin, Oxacillin,Ciprofloxacin + Rifampin. |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis [Methicillin resistant] | Vancomycin with or without Gentamicin, Linezolid, Daptomycin. |
| Streptococcus [Group D] | Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Penicillin G or V, Ticarcillin, Piperacillin, Timentin, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Cefazolin, Cephalexin, Imipenem, Meropenem. |
| Streptococcus pyogenes [Group A] | Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Penicillin G or V, Piperacillin-tazobactam, 1st-3rd generation Cephalosporins, Macrolides (Erythromycin, Azithromycin, etc), Vancomycin, Clindamycin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin. |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | Antibiotic for Streptococcus pneumoniae:Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Penicillin G or V, Piperacillin-tazobactam, 1st-3rd generation Cephalosporins, Macrolides (Erythromycin, Azithromycin, etc), Vancomycin, Clindamycin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin. |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae [PCN resistant] | Vancomycin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Imipenem, Ertapenem, Meropenem, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime, Linezolid, Synercid, Clindamycin. |
| Streptococcus viridans | Vancomycin, Unasyn, Timentin, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Imipenem, Meropenem, Cefazolin, Cephalexin, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Clindamycin, Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole. |
| Treponema pallidum | Penicillin G, Ceftriaxone, Doxycycline, Azithromycin, Erythromycin. |
| Ureaplasma urealyticum | Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin. |
| Vibrio cholerae | Doxycycline, Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin. |
| Xanthomonas maltophilia | Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole, Moxifloxacin, Piperacillin, Ticarcillin, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin. |
To know the Generic and Trade names of the above mentioned drugs and their available formulations in Bangladesh click here.
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