Acid- base balance is a must for the proper functioning of pH-sensitive enzymes. The arterial plasma pH is 7.36-7.44 and H⁺ concentration is 36-44 nmol/l, both of these are regulated by homeostasis. An increase in H⁺ concentration results a decrease in pH and vice versa. Acid- base imbalance means a defect of normal balance of acids and bases in the body that results changes in plasma pH. Acid- base imbalance results many clinical effects and can be categorized into following patterns:

1. Metabolic acidosis
2. Metabolic alkalosis
3. Respiratory acidosis
4. Respiratory alkalosis

Follow the links given below for articles on acid- base imbalance –

Metabolic acidosis